Species Diversity of Butterfly and Moth Fauna in Mount Busa, Lake Sebu

Butterflies and moths are known as bio-indicators of the ecosystem. Their diversity and abundance are highly conformed to the environment as well as the abiotic factors within. Hence, this study focused on butterflies and moths as bio-indicators of the ecosystem in Mount Busa. The objectives were to identify their composition, assess their diversity (richness, abundance, occurrence), and examine the impact of abiotic factors on their presence. Specimens were collected using sweep nets and light traps, while physico- chemical factors like temperature, humidity, and elevation were recorded using the hygrometer. The study identified 37 species from 32 genera, including 12 endemics to the Philippines. Particularly, butterfly species A. hesba, C. kudrati, F. phaon, L. panopus, M. igoleta, M. tagala, N. mindorana pseudosoma, R. melindena, T. cf magindana, Y. sterella sterella, and Z. musa. Remarkably, D. diaphana diaphana was found Mindanao endemic. Lower montane and open habitats showed high diversity, while the upper montane had a dominant community. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed the relationship between species composition and environmental variables. These findings provide valuable insights for future conservation efforts in Mount Busa and its species.