Abundance, Diversity, and Threats to Conservation of Macroinvertebrates in Masiag Caves, Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat, South-Central Mindanao

Cave macroinvertebrates are crucial in supporting diverse faunal assemblages in cave ecosystems. However, they are among the most delicate cave species vulnerable to habitat disturbances. The island of Mindanao hosts 37% of the Philippines' cave systems, yet the region's data on cave macroinvertebrates remain scarce and fragmented. To address the data gap, this study assessed the macroinvertebrate groups in three cave sites in Barangay Masiag, Bagumbayan in Sultan Kudarat, South-Central Mindanao. Using mixed methods, a total of 1,168 cave macroinvertebrate individuals were recorded, resolved into 23 taxonomic orders, 41 families, 46 genera, and 49 species. The caves exhibited variations in species richness and abundance, with Maitas Cave containing the highest number of species and individuals. Araneae species were predominantly found in the deep zone, while insect groups were primarily observed in the cave entrance. Damon medius. Heteropoda maxima, and Ceuthophilus sp. were the most abundant species across all sites. These variations were attributed to guano deposits, physicochemical conditions, prey availability, and water bodies influencing macroinvertebrate distribution. Eight taxonomic orders were listed as "Least Concern," nine as "Not Evaluated," and eight as "Data Deficient." The presence of several threats to cave habitats may lead to a persistent decline in cave macroinvertebrate diversity; hence, the need to strengthen policies and initiatives toward cave protection and conservation.